Key Judgements
  • Russia’s disinformation campaigns have escalated significantly in intensity and scale since 2014.
  • Modern-day disinformation displays considerable continuity with Soviet-era ‘active measures’. However, the strategy has adapted to the 21st century information environment, making full use of the internet to exploit human cognitive biases.
  • Russian disinformation is disseminated both overtly and covertly through multiple channels to a diverse range of platforms which interact and overlap with one another.
  • Kremlin-led disinformation can be seen in the broader context of undermining Euro-Atlantic values. They intend to confuse, distract and polarise the public in the host country.
  • The threat will persist and likely grow in scale due to expanding technological capabilities. The IRA will alter its tactics to circumvent resistive measures. 

P.S - Please don't plagiarise this report... Turnitin will flag it if you do! ​